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Summary
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undergone three fundamental changes in the more than 150
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in 1866 and the establishment of Esbjerg harbour in the
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to Denmark from the 1820s to the 1850s had been operated
by foreign shipping lines which usually used Copenhagen
as their Danish port of call, while both Danish and foreign
experiments with other ports of call in Denmark were less
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the 1870s onwards in a comprehensive route network with
combined passenger and freight ships travelling between
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many other provincial harbours had connections to the
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1960s in connection with the container revolution and the
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concentrated in Esbjerg, and there were two decades of ra-
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bjerg routes peaked in the early 1980s at more than half a
million travellers, many of whom were travelling simply to
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with passenger services were attributed to the competition
from low price airlines and the abolition of duty-free sales
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on the North Sea are now operated by dedicated ro-ro ships
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situation in the 1800s, when goods transport was also the
most important source of income for North Sea shipping
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The history of the North Sea’s passenger routes from
1850 to 2005 offers many examples of how economic,
political, social and technological changes can bring about
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in economic development, such as the reorganisation of
Denmark’s agricultural exports from raw materials to
processed products for the attractive British market in the
1880s, and the increased level of prosperity in the 1960s,
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Social changes, such as the increasing desire to travel seen
in the 1960s, also played an important part in the entry of
the car ferries on the North Sea and the development of
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container revolution made it both possible, and in terms of
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