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32. Klaaborg Korrespondance.
33. Peer Scavenius: Til Søs. København 1896.
34. Chr. Borgland. P. 29- 30
35. Søloven af 1892 §102.
36. Udenrigsministeriet sager 3321
37. Udenrigsministeriet C 4746
38. Udenrigsministeriet B 4260.
39. Udenrigsministeriet B 9002
40. Konsulats beretning af december og januar 1893.
41. Ole Højrup: Sejlskibskaptajn Søens Folk bd. 6 1987.
P.57. Gruelunds samling om GLADSTONE.
42. Konsulats indberetning fra Rangoon.
43. Haas Brevkopibog
44. Gruelund – COPLEY.
45. Udenrigsministeriet, Gruelund og trykte regnskaber for
skibets rundrejser.
46. Udenrigsministeriet B 6187.
47. Udenrigsministeriet 8585 a. Sjæklen 1990: En rejse
med forhindringer af Holger Munchaus Petersen.
48. A. Schneider: Internationale Søfarts-Forhold. Køben-
havn 1887. p.110
49. NewYork Konsulat 1893 og 1895.
50. Konsulaternes Skibslister 1899.
51. Forfatterens positionslister og konsulens årsberetning
for 1893.
52. Udenrigsministeriet a 6886
53. Dansk Søfartstidende 1901 p. 231-232. &Yngve Gyllin:
Förbund på Sju Hav. Malmö 1964 p. 19-21.
54. Dansk Søfartstidende 9. aug. 1906 p. 327
55. Konsulat, Brisbane.
56. Klaaborg brev 3. marts 1896.
57. Brevsamling H. Haas.
58. Konsulatsberetning Newcastle N.S.W- 1911.
59. Chr. Borgland p. 34 o.v.
60. Udenrigsministeriet B 7233.
61. ”GLADSTONE” logbog dec. 1906.
62. Jens Sonnichsen Thomsens erindringer: Nis'es Sidsels
Jens. p. 71.
63. Nautical Magazine 1891 p. 924 – 926.
64. Nautical Magazine 1886 p. 415 – 423.
65. Konsulatsberetning London 1892.
66. Dansk Søfartstidende 27. Juli 1894 p. 385
Summary
In the transitional years between sail and steam, people used
to speak of “ships of wood and sailors of iron” being re-
placed by “ships of iron and sailors of wood”. The expres-
sion was used teasingly by the “real” sailors in the sailing
ships when they discussed the steamship crews, but it was
complete nonsense when talking about the sailors who
manned the big iron and steel sailing ships which joined the
Danish merchant fleet from around 1890 up to around 1910.
This period gained the name “The Iron Age” after these
ships, only a few of which ever called at a Danish harbour,
and life on board was heavy work.
The seamen were hired for the voyage from Europe and
back, and went aboard immediately before the fully loaded
ship departed on its journey around the world. As a rule,
the people didn’t know one another. The crew hands were
Mange bud var der for at tiltrække arbejdsløse søfolk, herunder
kristelige organisationer, som bl.a. anvendte dette visitkort med
oversat tekst fra King James Bibel for at tiltrække skandinaviske
søfolk i New York. Visitkort: Holger Munchaus Petersens samling.
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