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24. Danmarks kirker. Ribe amt, Bd. 3, Hæfte 22: Kirkerne
i Guldager, Nordby og Sønderho. Nationalmuseet, u.å., p.
2140; se N. M. Kromann: Fanøs historie, bd. 2, Esbjerg
1934 (genoptrykt 1982), p. 271, 456.
25. Se Danmarks kirker, Ribe amt, hæfte 22, p. 2092-2095.
26. Se Otto Erich Kiesel: Die alten Hamburgischen Fried-
höfe. Ihre Entstehung und ihre Beziehungen zum städti-
schen und geistigen Leben Alt-Hamburgs, Hamburg 1921;
Barbara Leisner / Heiko K. L. Schulze / Ellen Thormann:
Der Hamburger Hauptfriedhof Ohlsdorf. Geschichte und
Grabmäler, 2 bd., Hamburg 1990.
27. Se Rheinheimer: Geschlechterreihen, nr. 250, 254, 270,
279, 282, 327, 330, 331.
28. Se Rheinheimer: Geschlechterreihen, nr. 283. 4; vedrø-
rende efterkommere påAmrum se Rheinheimer: Geschlech-
terreihen , nr. 310. 1.1, 333. 2, 333. 6, 440.
29. Jeg har undersøgt dette i litteraturen. Dog kan der findes
gravsten, der ikke blev nævnt i litteraturen. Min henvisning
til England skal derfor tages med forbehold
30. Se Karl Ebbinghaus: Die alten Grabsteine auf dem
Kirchhof der Insel Hiddensee, i: Baltische Studien N. F. 65
(1979), p. 7-27; Wolfgang Rudolph: Das Schiff als Zeichen.
Bürgerliche Selbstdarstellung in Hafenorten, Leipzig 1987,
p. 75-86; Jochen von Fircks: ... und setzten zum Andenken
Steine, Rostock 1991.
31. Herudover findes der i Åbenrå enkelte gravsten med
skibsmotiver fra den anden halvdel af det 19. århundrede;
se Anne-Helene Michelsen / Henrik Fangel: Aabenraa kirke-
gård – gravsten og mindesmærker, Aabenraa 1985, p. 10-15.
32. Se Rudolph: Das Schiff, p. 78. – Som endnu ældre, men
dog tilhørende en selvstændig tradition fremstår vikingernes
billedsten i Sverige såvel som antikke græske og romerske
gravsten.
Summary
At more than 200, the number of old gravestones in the
Wadden Sea Region depicting ships must be considered to
be very high. These gravestones, which can be found in the
entireWadden Sea region, are often decorated with elaborate
reliefs and long biographical inscriptions. The gravestones
were most numerous on the islands, where the proportion
of seafarers was up to 80% of the working male population.
In particular, many gravestones were found on Föhr and
Amrum. However, such gravestones are missing from the
agrarian areas of the region. The existence of such grave-
stones is attributable to a common maritime tradition com-
bined with a common culture. The tradition, which started
in the sixteenth century, bloomed in the eighteenth century.
In the twentieth century, although further gravestones with
ship motifs were made, the elaborate ship reliefs and bio-
graphical inscriptions were replaced by simple engravings
of ships and brief biographical data. As the production of
the stones was very expensive, they were primarily used by
members of the upper ranks, and hence they most often dis-
played large three- and two-mast ships. However, a number
of smaller Wadden Sea ships can also be found. The grave-
stones were usually ordered by whaling captains, merchant
captains and owners of Wadden Sea ships. This is reflected
in the motifs. While the whaling and merchant captains
liked to represent greater three- and two-mast vessels on
their gravestones, smaller one- or one-and-a-half-mast ships
can be found on the gravestones of the owners of the Wad-
den Sea ships. Pilot boats were depicted on the gravestones
on the Dutch island of Terschelling.
The presentation of the ships changed over time. While
the big ships were initially shown under sail, they were later
increasingly shown unrigged. Traditions of gravestones,
however, only developed when churches and cemeteries
were preserved. This becomes clear when looking more
closely at the situation on Fanoe, the Halligs, the East Fri-
sian Islands, and in Hamburg and Bremen, where the ceme-
teries were moved – resulting in the loss of the old grave-
stones and the associated traditions. At the southern Baltic
Sea coast, in particular in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a tra-
dition similar to the one known from the Wadden Sea can be
detected. It may be possible to trace a tradition that led from
the smaller Hanseatic towns at the southern Baltic Sea to
the Netherlands, from where it reached the North Frisian is-
lands and the rest of the Wadden Sea with the North Frisian
seafarers who signed up for voyages in the Netherlands.