Sjæklen 2018

31 Litteratur • Algreen-Ussing, Tage: Love og Anordninger. 1850-1900. • Anordning ang. Forholdsregler, sigtende til Ordningen af Fiskeripolitiet i Nordsøen udenfor Søterritoriet, 29. marts 1884 . • Assens Toldkammer: Afgående og ankomne Skibe ved Thorøhuse 1896 . Rigsarkivet. • Assens Toldkammer: Fartøjsfortegnelse 1867-1893 . Rigsarkivet. • Bonderup, Gerda: Cholera-morbroer og Danmark . Aarhus Universitetsforlag 1994. • Drechsel, C.F: Oversigt over vore Saltvandsfiskerier . Dansk Fiskerimuseum 1890. Genoptryk 1988. • Henningsen,Henning: Nummerflagogprajning .Handels-ogSøfartsmuseet,årbog1962. • Holm-Petersen, F. og Lund, K: Sømænd og skibe fra Dragør . Borgen. 1978. • Holm, Poul: Hvordan det danske havfiskeri blev til, 1770-1914 . Sjæk´len 1999, s. 19-53. • Højrup, Ole: Søens Folk 1 . Skibsdreng og letmatros . Nationalmuseet 1985, s. 82-84. • Jensen, Jørgen Elsøe: Fisk, vrag & gæster. Skagens historie . Hasserisstuernes Forlag 2015. • Kolderup-Rosenvinge: Kongelige Forordninger og aabne Breve. 1839-1850. • Laursen, Andreas: Danske fiskerbåde gennem 100 år . Høst&Søn 1972. • Mortensøn, Ole: Den sejlende kulturarv . Dansk Historisk Skibsregister 2009. • Nakskov Toldkammer: Fartøjs- og Baadefortegnelse 1867-1879 . Rigsarkivet, L6-L7. • Nielsen, Christian: Danske bådtyper . Høst&Søn 1973. • Nielsen, Christian: Bådebyggeriet på Fejø og de danske åledrivkvaser . Lolland-Falsters Historiske Samfund. Årbog 1968. • Nielsen, Richard G.: Fra fjord og fiskeri . Præstø 1975. • Nyland, Nick: Børnenes Ø – Thorø og dens tre kolonier . Skriveforlaget 2018. • Olesen,MogensNørgaard: ØstersøruterneogvejengennemDanmark ,bd. 1 .Nautilus2003. • Rasmussen, Alan Hjorth: Drivvod i Danmark I. Dansk fiskeri i stilstand og mobilitet 1871- 1888 . Fiskeri- og Søfartsmuseet. Esbjerg 1988. • Schou, Jacob Henric: Schous Forordninger . Åbne Breve og trykte Anordninger, som fra 1670 ere , udkomne . 1670-1839. • Torbensen, Erik: Prik-filateli i præ-filateli . Dansk Posthistorisk Selskab 2015, s. 116-20. • Weilbachs kunstnerleksikon. 4. udgave. 1994-2000. Summary From open boat to eel drifter. The story of N8, and the history of 19th century registration marking of Danish fishing vessels. An oil painting by the well-known Danish marine painter, Carl Neumann (1831-1891), depicts a fishing boat, which in the art- icle is used to exemplify the various possibilities for identifica- tion of Danish ships and boats, different boat types and owners from the 19th century. To this end, a number of sources are used, i.e. customs authorities’ ships and boat registers, census papers, ships listings, and the legal acts dealing with registra- tion of Danish vessels. Furthermore, the history of registration and marking of Danish merchant vessels and fishing vessels during the 19th century is unfolded. The fishing boat depicted in the painting turns out to be an eel drifter, a boat type which came to Denmark from Northern Germany around 1870. Its fishing gear consisted of a seine net stretched out between the jib boom and a drifter boom in the rear end, and eel fishing took place as the boat drifted along with reversed sails, dragging the seine net just over the seabed and through the eelgrass. Drift- ers were equipped with wells in the hold for storage of live fish, and after hauling in the net, the live fish were kept in the well until the boat reached its destination. The boat in Neumann’s painting has the identification mark ”N8” painted on the rear sail. From 1867 onwards, all ships of more than 20 register tonnes were to be registered by the customs office in the home port. Ships were given an international code of four signal flags, that together with the national flag were to be placed in the rigging when passing other ships. The latter then were obliged to report the passage of the identified ship to the customs office when calling at the next port. Furthermore, from 1867 onwards every non-fishing vessel in interior service in Denmark were to be registered in ships and boats registers kept by the local customs authorities. The customs officials in Nakskov did a meticulous job and re- gistered all vessels, also the ones that only were engaged in fishing. Therefore, the eel drifter N8 in Neumann’s painting can be found in the register of Nakskov, which in 1884 were as- signed the letter ”N” as port registry letter. Number 8 in the re- gister turns out to be open boat ”Edvard”, which in 1860 were a pilot boat in Kramnitze, but in 1885 were sold to two fishermen in Sandby Lindelse in Nakskov Fiord. The fishermen rebuilt the boat and changed it into an eel drifter and at the same time changed its name to ”Lykkens Prøve”. The last entry in the port registry states that ”Lykkens Prøve” was scrapped in 1910. This way, it has been possible to reconstruct the biography of eel drifter N8, and its ownership relations has been documented.